Based on Geoeye-1 high spatial resolution images and field canopy hyperspectral reflectance of five mangrove communities located at Beibu Gulf, this paper verified the capability of Geoeye-1 imagery for mangrove canopy species identification by utilizing spectral information. The research investigated that: (1) in the spectrum range between 350 and 1 100 nm, the mangrove canopy reflectance exhibited optimum separability in six wavebands (435, 469, 523, 677, 751 and 761 nm); (2) three mangrove species could be effectively identified through the pixel-based spectrum operation, while the Bruguiera acquired the highest producer accuracy up to 93.03%; (3) species end member of Bruguiera extracted directly from the combined imagery conducted on hyperspectral hypothesis performed higher precision than the field training samples behaved. The spectrum significance of the high spatial resolution image was approved, and reference and basis were also illustrated for the further mangrove species distinguishing from the object-oriented perspective.