With the rapid development of the computer virtual simulation technology, the demand for applying the virtual simulation technology to high-speed rail, transportation, and vehicle testing fields is increasing. In order to address issues such as the high cost of high-speed rail braking tests, lack of test safety, and non-visibility of data, this study utilizes Unity3D as the development platform to design a virtual simulation experimental platform for high-speed rail brake disc friction and wear under different environmental temperatures. The research involves building the test scenes and mechanical structures based on modeling software such as SolidWorks and 3dsMax, and the Unity3D engine is employed for the user interface (UI) design, and C# language was used for logical programming and functionality implementation. Thus, a high-speed train braking friction simulation and data visualization platform is realized, enabling users to intuitively analyze the wear conditions of brake discs under different environmental conditions.