• Infrared and Laser Engineering
  • Vol. 53, Issue 4, 20240122 (2024)
Xinwei Wang1,2,3, Liang Sun1, Yue Zhang1, Bo Song1..., Chenhao Xia1 and Yan Zhou1,2,3|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1Optoelectronic System Laboratory, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • 3Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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    DOI: 10.3788/IRLA20240122 Cite this Article
    Xinwei Wang, Liang Sun, Yue Zhang, Bo Song, Chenhao Xia, Yan Zhou. Advances of laser range-gated three-dimensional imaging (invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2024, 53(4): 20240122 Copy Citation Text show less
    Laser range-gated imaging technology
    Fig. 1. Laser range-gated imaging technology
    Time slicing 3D range-gated imaging[13]. (a) Principle; (b) Underwater 3D image
    Fig. 2. Time slicing 3D range-gated imaging[13]. (a) Principle; (b) Underwater 3D image
    Max peak finding 3D range-gated imaging[18]. (a) Parabolic fitting by only three data points; (b) Intensity image; (c) Depth map
    Fig. 3. Max peak finding 3D range-gated imaging[18]. (a) Parabolic fitting by only three data points; (b) Intensity image; (c) Depth map
    Underwater 3D range-gated imaging based on Bayesian reconstruction method [19]
    Fig. 4. Underwater 3D range-gated imaging based on Bayesian reconstruction method [19]
    Linear-gain-modulated 3D range-gated imaging[20]
    Fig. 5. Linear-gain-modulated 3D range-gated imaging[20]
    Non-linear-gain modulation for 3D range-gated imaging[21]
    Fig. 6. Non-linear-gain modulation for 3D range-gated imaging[21]
    Trapezoidal range-intensity correlation 3D range-gated imaging[23]
    Fig. 7. Trapezoidal range-intensity correlation 3D range-gated imaging[23]
    12-channel-coding 3D imaging based on trapezoidal range-intensity correlation [26]
    Fig. 8. 12-channel-coding 3D imaging based on trapezoidal range-intensity correlation [26]
    Triangular range-intensity correlation 3D range-gated imaging[28]. (a) Principle; (b) Experimental results between triangular and trapezoidal methods
    Fig. 9. Triangular range-intensity correlation 3D range-gated imaging[28]. (a) Principle; (b) Experimental results between triangular and trapezoidal methods
    7-channel-coding 3D imaging based on triangular range-intensity correlation[29]
    Fig. 10. 7-channel-coding 3D imaging based on triangular range-intensity correlation[29]
    Multi-pulse time delay integration method[30]. (a) Principle; (b) Gated image; (c) 3D image
    Fig. 11. Multi-pulse time delay integration method[30]. (a) Principle; (b) Gated image; (c) 3D image
    3D deblurring-gated range-intensity correlation imaging[31]. (a) Principle; (b) Experimental results
    Fig. 12. 3D deblurring-gated range-intensity correlation imaging[31]. (a) Principle; (b) Experimental results
    Gated2Depth method[33]. (a) Gated2DepthNet; (b) Experimental results
    Fig. 13. Gated2Depth method[33]. (a) Gated2DepthNet; (b) Experimental results
    Depth estimation method of Gated2Gated self-supervised learning distance-selective[34]
    Fig. 14. Depth estimation method of Gated2Gated self-supervised learning distance-selective[34]
    RIP-guided gated 3D imaging algorithm (RIP-Gated3D). (a) Principle; (b) Comparison results of different algorithms
    Fig. 15. RIP-guided gated 3D imaging algorithm (RIP-Gated3D). (a) Principle; (b) Comparison results of different algorithms
    2D range-gated imaging products
    Fig. 16. 2D range-gated imaging products
    UTOFIA system and its application in the UTOFIA project[43]
    Fig. 17. UTOFIA system and its application in the UTOFIA project[43]
    Underwater SeaLVi and its application in the French-German Institute of Saint Louis [44,51]. (a) SeaLVi 2; (b) 3D images of starfish
    Fig. 18. Underwater SeaLVi and its application in the French-German Institute of Saint Louis [44,51]. (a) SeaLVi 2; (b) 3D images of starfish
    Person detection from background in the Fraunhofer IOSB, Germany [46]
    Fig. 19. Person detection from background in the Fraunhofer IOSB, Germany [46]
    Laser range-gated 3D imaging systems in the Institute of Semiconductors, CAS[47−49]. (a) Fengyan; (b) CanoMIS; (c) and (d) Maritime surveillance
    Fig. 20. Laser range-gated 3D imaging systems in the Institute of Semiconductors, CAS[4749]. (a) Fengyan; (b) CanoMIS; (c) and (d) Maritime surveillance
    Gated2Depth-based high-resolution flash LiDAR in the DENSE project[33]
    Fig. 21. Gated2Depth-based high-resolution flash LiDAR in the DENSE project[33]
    3D imaging methodTRLApplicationsRepresentative institution
    Time slicingL4-L5UnreportedTechnical University of Denmark
    Max peak findingL5-L7Marine life observation [43]UTOFIA
    Linear gain modulationL4-L5UnreportedZhejiang University
    Non-linear gain modulationL4-L5UnreportedHarbin Institute of Technology
    Trapezoidal range-intensity correlationL5-L7Underwater inspection [44],underwater navigation [45],remote surveillance [46]French-German Institute of Saint Louis
    Triangular range-intensity correlationL5-L7Marine life observation [47],underwater obstacle avoidance [48]vegetation measurement [49],remote surveillance [50]Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences
    Deep learning range-intensity correlationL5-L7Automatic driving [32-33]DENSE
    Table 1. Technology readiness levels(TRL) of laser range-gated 3D imaging
    Xinwei Wang, Liang Sun, Yue Zhang, Bo Song, Chenhao Xia, Yan Zhou. Advances of laser range-gated three-dimensional imaging (invited)[J]. Infrared and Laser Engineering, 2024, 53(4): 20240122
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