Long-distance surface profiling requires a high level of vibration resistance. Here, we propose a heterodyne interferometry scheme that uses two acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) to achieve precise and high-speed heterodyne phase-shifting frequencies. This solution offers high spatial resolution and effective vibration resistance. We measured the fundamental vibration conditions in the laboratory and simulated the effect of vibration on measurement repeatability across different difference frequencies. Experiments have demonstrated that this method can produce a single 3200 Hz sampling of a 1024 pixel × 1024 pixel camera within a period of 1.25 ms. The repeatability of measurements at 22 m away is better than 0.8‰ wave root mean square (RMS).