In the field of quantum detection, one of the key tasks is to measure the unknown quantum state to obtain quantum state information. By applying the quantum circuit composed of quantum gates in quantum computing to the field of quantum detection, a measurement scheme for realizing the unknown quantum state of single photons was proposed. Utilizing the superposition of quantum computing, entanglement, error correctability, and the integratability of quantum lines, it was possible to make detection more efficient and simplify the experimental system of detection. Using the new detection method proposed in this paper, the scheme was simulated by simulation. Based on the theoretical calculation and simulation results of the scheme, the following conclusions was obtained: by selecting appropriate measurement times under different parameters such as SNR, the quantum line-based scheme can obtain more accurate measurement results.