Raman spectroscopy technique with fingerprint features has advantages of simple pre- treating, rapid response, high sensitivity and in- situ nondestructive detecting in acquiring biological information. Raman imaging technique could reveal the molecular structure and realize chemical composition content distribution of tested samples and it has advantages in obtaining information of plant cell and tissue. Based on these characteristics, Raman spectroscopy and Raman imaging have been widely applied in detecting the quality of agricultural products. This review mainly focused on the detection of plant physiological information about cellular morphology, structure, metabolites in six primary organs (seed, root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit). Although Raman technology is still in early exploration stage and it is facing many tough challenges, it has a broad space for development in agriculture.