To enhance the physical-layer security of optical fiber communication systems, a novel anti-interception communication system based on an optical encoding/decoding technology is proposed in this study. Owing to the relatively small capacity of the traditional address codes, the address codes used by the legitimate users are vulnerable to the brute-force searching attacks by eavesdroppers. Once the user’s address code is obtained, all the information transmitted in the fiber channel will be stolen by the eavesdropper. To address this problem, a new type of 2D-wavelength-hopping/time-spreading (WH/TS) code is first constructed, and the implementation of the reconfigurable encoder/decoder is described. Then, the novel scheme of anti-interception communication system is designed, and a wiretap channel model is established. Finally, the transmission and security performances of the anti-interception communication system are studied using the VPI transmission Maker Optical Systems simulation software. The simulation results show that a high-speed and long-distance anti-interception communication system can be achieved based on the proposed optical code-division multiple-access coding/decoding technology.