In this paper, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was employed to realize quick detection of illegally additive (sodium saccharin sweeteners) in spirit. Gold colloid was used to enhance Raman signal of molecule. Several parameters such as the volume ratio of gold colloid, detection sample and sodium chloride solution, time of mixing, pH value of working buffer were optimized. The results illustrated that the strength of Raman signal was maximum when the volume ratio of gold colloid, detection sample and sodium chloride solution, time of mixing, pH value of working buffer were 1∶1∶0.5, 5 min and 4, respectively. Contrasting the test values of sodium saccharin sweeteners and the simulation values with Density Functional Theory, and three characteristic peaks of sodium saccharin sweeteners such as 1 148, 1 164 and 1 296 cm-1 were found. These characteristic peaks could be as a basis for qualitatively and quantitatively analyzing sodium saccharin sweeteners in spirit. The standard curve of saccharin sodium concentration in spirit was established based on the strength of 1 164 cm-1. The results indicated that the curve possessed a good linear relationship within the range of 1 and 20 mg·L-1, and the determination coefficient was 0.993 3. Average recovery of saccharin sodium in spirit was 98.57%~102.5%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.44%~8.6%. The minimum detectable concentration of sodium saccharin sweeteners in spirit reached to 1 mg·L-1 and the detection time of a sample was within 10 min. The study indicated that SERS method could rapidly and accurately identify saccharin sodium sweeteners in spirit. This study can offer a method as a support for the development of real-time and rapid detection device in liquor.