Metal nanoparticles possess the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and are widely utilized in the field of biological imaging due to their unique optical properties, easily controlled surface chemistry, and excellent biocompatibility. For the application of rotation-symmetrical gold nanoparticles (nanospheroid, nanocylinder, and nanorod) in biological imaging, the light backscattering properties of rotation-symmetrical gold nanoparticles were studied by using the T-matrix method and dielectric function size correction model. The optimal light backscattering properties and the corresponding optimal size parameters were obtained. Three typical excitation wavelengths (830, 840 and 900 nm) used in biological imaging were considered. The results show that the gold nanospheroid with an aspect ratio of 3.7 and a length of 146 nm has the optimal light backscattering properties at the incident light wavelength of 900 nm. In addition, the effects of incident light wavelength and tissue refractive index on the optimization results were analyzed. The results show that the volume backscattering coefficients and the size parameters of the optimized gold nanoparticles increase with the increase of incident light wavelength and decrease with the increase of tissue refractive index. Finally, the ranges of size parameters maintaining the volume backscattering coefficients greater than 90% of the maximum value were calculated. This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of three kinds of rotation-symmetrical gold nanoparticles in biological imaging.