Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of phase diversity imaging channels

Fig. 2. Simulation results. (a) Original object image; (b) Focused image; (c) Defocused image; (d) Wavefront phase of focused image (rad); (e) PSF of focused image; (f) PSF of defocused image

Fig. 3. Reconstruction results. Top line: Tikhonov; Bottom line: LR. (a) Column: reconstructed image; (b) Column: estimated PSF of focused image; (c) Column: estimated PSF of defocused image; (d) Column: estimated wavefront phase of focused image (rad); (e) Column: residual wavefront phase error (rad)

Fig. 4. Image subregion reconstruction results. (a) Column: focused image; (b) Column: Tikhonov; (c) Column: LR; (d) Column: original object image

Fig. 5. Simulation results. (a) Original object image; (b) Focused image; (c) Defocused image; (d) Wavefront phase of focused image; (e) PSF of focused image (rad); (f) PSF of defocused image

Fig. 6. Reconstruction results. Top line: Tikhonov; Bottom line: LR. (a) Column: reconstructed image; (b) Column: estimated PSF of focused image; (c) Column: estimated PSF of defocused image; (d) Column: estimated wavefront phase of focused image (rad); (e) Column: residual wavefront phase error (rad)

Fig. 7. Reconstruction results of subregion. (a) Column: focused image; (b) Column: Tikhonov; (c) Column: LR; (d) Column: original object image

Fig. 8. Reconstructed images with different weight parameter values. (a) λ = 1×10⁻⁵; (b) λ = 1×10⁻³; (c) λ = 1×10⁻²

Fig. 9. Iteration curve of the phase objective function. (a) In the noise-free case, Tikhonov; (b) In the noise-free case, LR; (c) In the noise-included case, Tikhonov; (d) In the noise-included case, LR

Table 1. Quantitative evaluation of reconstruction results in the noise-free case

Table 2. Quantitative evaluation of reconstruction results in the noise-included case