Approximately 90% of the worlds energy supply today is generated through combustion. In a combustion field, the flames temperature affects the pathways and concentrations of various component chain reactions.Obtaining temperature information from the combustion field can provide important support for improving the fuel combustion efficiency and the design of combustion devices. With the continuous development of Chinas high-end manufacturing industries, such as aviation, aerospace, and navigation, the research and development of various large gas turbines and supersonic engines has entered an accelerated ph. Flames generated by such combustion devices have characteristics such as high temperature, high pressure, turbulent supersonic flow, and short duration. The traditional contact temperature measurement method makes it difficult to measure the temperature of this kind of turbulent combustion field. In recent years, the non-contact temperature measurement technologies, represented by laser spectroscopy, have gradually matured and have been widely applied. Femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy temperature measurement technology combined with an ultrashort pulse has been applied to the temperature diagnosis of various high temperature,turbulence and other complex combustion scenarios due to its advantages of high time resolution(thousands of temperature measurement data per second), high-temperature measurement accuracy and high-temperature measurement sensitivity. This article outlines the basic principles of femtosecond CARS temperature measurement technology and summarizes the research progress of femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering temperature measurement technology in steady-state flames, heated gases, simulated gas turbines, and other combustion environments. The research and application of femtosecond time-resolved CARS spectroscopy are briefly introduced. The article focuses on introducing the basic principles and application progress of femtosecond chirp probe pulse CARS temperature measurement technology and hybrid femtosecond/picosecond CARS temperature measurement technology, which can millisecond-level instantaneous temperature. The advantages and disadvantages of the three temperature measurement techniques are pointed out, and the technical problems that need to be paid attention to and solved in the femtosecond CARS temperature measurement technology are proposed. It is mainly to achieve high-precision CARS spectrum high-fidelity inversion temperature information in extreme conditions of high-temperature and high-pressure turbulent combustion fields and how to obtain high signal-to-noise ratio CARS signals in extreme conditions of high-temperature and high-pressure turbulent combustion fields. The future development trend is expected to use high temporal resolution measurement to obtain the instantaneous evolution information database for various complex flames to support researching various engine mechanisms.