• Photonics Research
  • Vol. 13, Issue 4, 995 (2025)
Yongxi Zeng1,2,3, Yanzhong Yu3, Jian Chen2, Houan Teng2..., Musheng Chen1,3, Pinghui Wu3 and Qiwen Zhan1,2,*|Show fewer author(s)
Author Affiliations
  • 1College of Physics and Information Engineering, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China
  • 2School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
  • 3Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Micro-nano Photonics Technology and Devices & Key Laboratory of Information Functional Material for Fujian Higher Education, Quanzhou 362000, China
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    DOI: 10.1364/PRJ.550414 Cite this Article Set citation alerts
    Yongxi Zeng, Yanzhong Yu, Jian Chen, Houan Teng, Musheng Chen, Pinghui Wu, Qiwen Zhan, "Spin angular momentum engineering within highly localized focal fields: from simple orientation to complex topologies," Photonics Res. 13, 995 (2025) Copy Citation Text show less

    Abstract

    Optical skyrmions, as quasiparticles with non-trivial topological structures, have garnered significant attention in recent years. This paper proposes a method for customized spin angular momentum (SAM) distribution in highly localized focal fields, thereby enabling the generation of SAM skyrmion and bimeron topologies. The skyrmionic SAM textures can be flexibly controlled, such as polarity, vorticity, and helicity. In addition, the two-dimensional projection plane can be arbitrarily oriented within three-dimensional space. By utilizing time-reversal techniques, we obtain the required illumination fields of the 4π-focusing system and subsequently evaluate the tightly focused field using vector Debye integral theory. Our results show that the SAM orientation within the focal field is controlled by the orientation of orthogonal dipole pairs. Using the radiation field of a multi-concentric array of orthogonal dipole pairs, the distribution of SAM orientation in the target plane can be tailored to generate SAM topological structures such as skyrmions and bimerons. Highly localized and tunable SAM engineering holds great potential for applications in optical manipulation, light–matter interactions, optical information processing, transmission, and storage.
    [Edipolex(θ,φ)Edipoley(θ,φ)Edipolez(θ,φ)]=C[cosθcosφeθ+sinφeφcosθsinφeθcosφeφsinθeθ],

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    [Edipolex(θ,φ)Edipoley(θ,φ)Edipolez(θ,φ)]=R(θ0,φ0)[Edipolex(θ,φ)Edipoley(θ,φ)Edipolez(θ,φ)],

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    R(θ0,φ0)=[cosαxcosβxcosγxcosαycosβycosγycosαzcosβzcosγz]=[cosθ0cos2φ0+sin2φ0(cosθ01)sinφ0cosφ0sinθ0cosφ0(cosθ01)sinφ0cosφ0cosθ0sin2φ0+cos2φ0sinθ0sinφ0sinθ0cosφ0sinθ0sinφ0cosθ0].

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    Epair(θ,φ)=Edipolex(θ,φ)+jEdipoley(θ,φ)=C[Mθ(θ,φ)eθ+Mφ(θ,φ)eφ],

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    Epupil(ρ,φ)=C[Mθ(θ,φ)eρ+Mφ(θ,φ)eφ]/cosθ.

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    Ef(r,ϕ,z)=jλ0θmax02πEΩ(θ,φ)e[jkrsinθcos(φϕ)jkzcosθ]sinθdθdφ+jλππ+θmax02πEΩ(θ,φ)ejπe[jkrsinθcos(φϕ)jkzcosθ]sinθdθdφ.

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    EΩ(θ,φ)=C{[Mθ(θ,φ)cosθcosφMφ(θ,φ)sinφ]ex+[Mθ(θ,φ)cosθsinφ+Mφ(θ,φ)cosφ]ey+Mθ(θ,φ)sinθez}.

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    SIm(Ef*×Ef),

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    Emcaodp(θ,φ)=E0+m=1Mn=1NmAFmnEmn,

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    AFmn=exp{jkrm[(cosαxcosφp_mn+cosαysinφp_mn)sinθcosφ+(cosβxcosφp_mn+cosβysinφp_mn)sinθsinφ+(cosγxcosφp_mn+cosγysinφp_mn)cosθ]},

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    {θm=mπ/M(m=0,1,,M)φmn=v·φp_mn+φr+(1+p)·π/2.

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    SN=14πASfoc_u·(Sfoc_ux×Sfoc_uy)dxdy.

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    Yongxi Zeng, Yanzhong Yu, Jian Chen, Houan Teng, Musheng Chen, Pinghui Wu, Qiwen Zhan, "Spin angular momentum engineering within highly localized focal fields: from simple orientation to complex topologies," Photonics Res. 13, 995 (2025)
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