• Journal of Electronic Science and Technology
  • Vol. 22, Issue 3, 100261 (2024)
Shi-Yuan Zhou1, Hong-Yu Luo1,*, Ya-Zhou Wang2, and Yong Liu1,*
Author Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
  • 2DTU Electro, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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    DOI: 10.1016/j.jnlest.2024.100261 Cite this Article
    Shi-Yuan Zhou, Hong-Yu Luo, Ya-Zhou Wang, Yong Liu. Numerical design of an efficient Ho3+-doped InF3 fiber laser at ~3.2 μm[J]. Journal of Electronic Science and Technology, 2024, 22(3): 100261 Copy Citation Text show less
    Schematic diagram of the setup in simulations. FCM and RCM indicate the front and rear cavity mirrors, respectively.
    Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the setup in simulations. FCM and RCM indicate the front and rear cavity mirrors, respectively.
    Energy level diagram of Ho3+-doped InF3 fiber pumped at 1150 nm and 980 nm with the relevant transitions processes. GSA: Ground state absorption; VGSA: Visual ground state absorption; ESA: Excited state absorption; ETU1 and ETU2: Energy transfer upconversion 1 and 2; CR1 and CR2: Cross relaxation 1 and 2.
    Fig. 2. Energy level diagram of Ho3+-doped InF3 fiber pumped at 1150 nm and 980 nm with the relevant transitions processes. GSA: Ground state absorption; VGSA: Visual ground state absorption; ESA: Excited state absorption; ETU1 and ETU2: Energy transfer upconversion 1 and 2; CR1 and CR2: Cross relaxation 1 and 2.
    Power distribution with the varied and L (P1 = 5 W and P2 = 20 W).
    Fig. 3. Power distribution with the varied and L (P1 = 5 W and P2 = 20 W).
    Power evolutions with (a) P1 and (b) P2 (= 0.11 and L = 1.85 m).
    Fig. 4. Power evolutions with (a) P1 and (b) P2 (= 0.11 and L = 1.85 m).
    Effects of the interionic processes (i.e., ETU1, ETU2, CR1, and CR2) and ESA on the laser performance (P1 = 5 W, = 0.11, and L = 1.85 m).
    Fig. 5. Effects of the interionic processes (i.e., ETU1, ETU2, CR1, and CR2) and ESA on the laser performance (P1 = 5 W, = 0.11, and L = 1.85 m).
    Comparison of the ~3.2 μm output power evolutions with the different 5I5 lifetimes (P1 = 5 W, = 0.11, and L = 1.85 m).
    Fig. 6. Comparison of the ~3.2 μm output power evolutions with the different 5I5 lifetimes (P1 = 5 W, = 0.11, and L = 1.85 m).
    ~3.9 μm laser power evolution with (P1 = 5 W, P2 = 20 W, = 0.11, and L = 1.85 m).
    Fig. 7. ~3.9 μm laser power evolution with (P1 = 5 W, P2 = 20 W, = 0.11, and L = 1.85 m).
    Dual-wavelength laser power and heat load evolutions with P2, where the ~3.2 μm power evolution under the single transition operation is added as a comparison (P1 = 5 W, = 0.11, = 0.1, and L = 1.85 m).
    Fig. 8. Dual-wavelength laser power and heat load evolutions with P2, where the ~3.2 μm power evolution under the single transition operation is added as a comparison (P1 = 5 W, = 0.11, = 0.1, and L = 1.85 m).
    ParameterValueSource
    NHo2×1026 m–3Manufacturer
    rcore5.5 μmManufacturer
    rclad50.0 μmManufacturer
    NA0.3Manufacturer
    LTo be optimized/
    ${\lambda _{{s_1}}}$3260 nmSet
    ${\lambda _{{s_2}}}$3920 nmSet
    ${\lambda _{{p_1}}}$1150 nmSet
    ${\lambda _{{p_2}}}$980 nmSet
    ${\alpha _{{s_1}}}$0.22 dB/m[25]
    ${\alpha _{{s_2}}}$0.20 dB/m[25]
    ${\alpha _{{p_1}}}$0.60 dB/mManufacturer
    ${\alpha _{{p_2}}}$0.96 dB/m[25]
    ${\Gamma _{{p_1}}}$0.0110Calculated
    ${\Gamma _{{p_2}}}$0.9271Calculated
    ${\Gamma _{{s_1}}}$0.8859Calculated
    ${\Gamma _{{s_2}}}$0.8287Calculated
    ${R_{{p_{11}}}}$0.01Set
    ${R_{{p_{12}}}}$0.99Set
    ${R_{{p_{21}}}}$0.01Set
    ${R_{{p_{22}}}}$0.99Set
    ${R_{{s_{11}}}}$0.99Set
    ${R_{{s_{21}}}}$0.99Set
    ${R_{{s_{12}}}}$To be optimized/
    ${R_{{s_{22}}}}$To be optimized/
    ${\sigma _{{\text{ab}}{{\text{s}}_{{\text{02}}}}}}$2.35×1025 m2[32]
    ${\sigma _{{\text{em}}{{\text{i}}_{20}}}}$1.80×1025 m2Calculated
    ${\sigma _{{\text{ab}}{{\text{s}}_{25}}}}$3.29×1025 m2[33]
    ${\sigma _{{\text{em}}{{\text{i}}_{52}}}}$4.81×1025 m2[33]
    ${\sigma _{{\text{ab}}{{\text{s}}_{14}}}}$1.58×1025 m2[34]
    ${\sigma _{{\text{em}}{{\text{i}}_{41}}}}$6.35×1025 m2Calculated
    ${\sigma _{{\text{em}}{{\text{i}}_{54}}}}$1.92×1025 m2[22]
    ${\sigma _{{\text{ab}}{{\text{s}}_{45}}}}$2.65×1025 m2Calculated
    ${\sigma _{{\text{em}}{{\text{i}}_{32}}}}$3.40×1025 m2[25]
    ${\sigma _{{\text{ab}}{{\text{s}}_{23}}}}$2.49×1025 m2Calculated
    W1,17.15×10–25 m3/sCalculated
    W2,21.58×10–23 m3/sCalculated
    W3,03.77×10–24 m3/sCalculated
    W5,01.19×10–24 m3/sCalculated
    Table 1. Cavity, absorption/emission, and interionic parameters.
    ParameterValue
    τ116.2 ms
    τ26.2 ms
    τ3135 μs
    τ416.3 μs
    τ5312 μs
    β1,01
    β2,0, β2,10.9420, 0.0580
    β3,0, β3,1, β3,20.0110, 0.0085, 0.9800
    β4,0, β4,1, β4,2, β4,30.0385, 0.0097, 0.0023, 0.9490
    β5,0, β5,1, β5,20.5000, 0.4000, 0.1000
    Table 2. Spectrum parameters of Ho3+-doped InF3 glass.
    ParameterValue
    ${W_{{\text{MP}}{{\text{R}}_{5{\mathrm{,}}4}}}}$0
    ${W_{{\text{MP}}{{\text{R}}_{4{\mathrm{,}}3}}}}$58234 s–1
    ${W_{{\text{MP}}{{\text{R}}_{3{\mathrm{,}}2}}}}$7260 s–1
    ${W_{{\text{MP}}{{\text{R}}_{2{\mathrm{,}}1}}}}$0
    ${W_{{\text{MP}}{{\text{R}}_{1{\mathrm{,}}0}}}}$0
    E5,43056 cm–1
    E4,34353 cm–1
    E3,22586 cm–1
    E2,13510 cm–1
    E1,05090 cm–1
    E5,37409 cm–1
    E4,26939 cm–1
    E3,16096 cm–1
    δE1,11580 cm–1
    δE2,21661 cm–1
    δE3,01006 cm–1
    δE5,02319 cm–1
    Table 3. MPR decay rates, energy differences of two levels, and exothermic energy associated with interionic processes of Ho3+-doped InF3 glass [33,37].
    Shi-Yuan Zhou, Hong-Yu Luo, Ya-Zhou Wang, Yong Liu. Numerical design of an efficient Ho3+-doped InF3 fiber laser at ~3.2 μm[J]. Journal of Electronic Science and Technology, 2024, 22(3): 100261
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