The present study focuses on the construction of HA nanoceramics with excellent mechanical property and osteogenic activity, and the correlation between HA precursor powders and resulting ceramics. Three precursor powders were used, i.e. HA-40 synthesized at 40 ℃, HA-40PEG synthesized at 40 ℃ with PEG as a template, and HA-80 synthesized at 80 ℃. The results showed that grain sizes of three HA ceramics prepared by HA-40, HA-40PEG, and HA-80 precursors were (217.87±57.53), (123.22±20.16), and (316.65±68.91) nm, respectively. It demonstrated that compared with HA-40 and HA-80, HA-40PEG was more beneficial for fabricating HA nanoceramics. Among three resulting ceramics, HA-40PEG displayed the highest comprehensive strength (~300 MPa). In addition, the nano-scale HA-40PEG ceramics promoted better cell spreading and proliferation than those of submicro-scale HA-40 and HA-80 ceramics. These findings suggest that the preparation of HA precursor powders plays an important role in fabricating HA nanoceramics with simultaneous improvement of mechanical and biological properties.