As a famous wild edible mushroom, boletus has great edible and economic value. There are many kinds of boletus, and it is not easy to distinguish. An effective, rapid and credible species identification technology can be established to improve the quality of boletus.In this study, a total of 683 strains of 7 species of wild bolete from different regions of Yunnan were collected, the infrared and ultraviolet spectra of the samples were obtained, and the average spectral characteristics of different kinds of bolete were analyzed. Based on the single spectral data of multiple preprocessing combinations (SNV+SG, 2D+MSC+SNV, 1D+MSC+SNV+SG, MSC+2D) combined with two feature value extraction methods (PCA, LVs), the partial least squares discrimination analysis and random forest algorithm combined with data fusion strategy to identify the species of boletus.There is a certain degree of innovation. The results show: (1) The average spectral absorption peaks of different types of boletus in the mid-infrared spectrum and the ultraviolet spectrum have small differences, and the absorbance has subtle differences. (2) Appropriate preprocessing can improve spectral data information. The best preprocessing combination of mid-infrared spectral data and ultraviolet spectral data for partial least square discriminant analysis and random forest algorithm model is 2D+MSC+SNV, SNV+SG, 2D +MSC+SNV, 1D+MSC+SNV+SG. (3) The mid-infrared spectroscopy model is better than the ultraviolet spectroscopy model in the single spectrum model. The partial least squares discriminant analysis model of the best preprocessing combination of mid-infrared spectroscopy 2D+MSC+SNV has a correct rate of 99.78% in the training set and 99.12% in the validation set. The accuracy of the random forest model is 93.20% on the training set and 99% on the validation set. (4) The data fusion strategy improves classification accuracy. The accuracy of the low-level fusion partial least squares discriminant analysis model training set and validation set is 100%, 99.12%. The accuracy of the random forest model's training set and validation set are 92.32% and 99.14%. (5) Random Forest Algorithm Intermediate Data Fusion latent variable (LVs) training set 92.76%, validation set 96%; Intermediate Data Fusion principal components analysis (CPA) training set 97.15%, validation set 100%. (6) Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis Intermediate Data Fusion (LVs) training set is 100%, and validation set is 99.56%; the accuracy of intermediate data fusion (CPA) training set and validation set can reach 100%. Based on the discriminant analysis of the partial least squares method and random forest algorithm combined with data fusion strategy, the species identification of boletus is satisfactory. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis Intermediate Data Fusion (CPA) can be used as a low-cost and high-efficiency technology for identifying boletus species.