Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the optical path in DFLSI coupled with SERS

Fig. 2. Detection of biochemical molecules based on DFLSI coupled with SERS. (a) Detection of nanoparticles in blood^[47]; (b) diagnosis of disease markers in cancer cells^[49]; (c) molecular detection in other substrates^[50]

Fig. 3. Cell detection based on DFLSI coupled with SERS. (a) Analysis of intracellular pathway for gold nanoparticles endocytosis^[44]; (b) nanoprobes were prepared as contrast agents for leukemia and lymphoma cells^[54]; (c) multimodal detection and targeted therapy of human ovarian cancer cells with folic acid coupled nanoparticles^[56]

Fig. 4. Dynamic monitoring of chemical reaction based on DFLSI coupled with SERS. (a) Surface reaction monitoring of single AuNR^[58]; (b) real-time monitoring of carbon monoxide based on carbonylation reaction^[60]

Fig. 5. Other applications by DFLSI coupled with SERS. (a) Silver deposited black silicon substrate^[64]; (b) size effects of single AuNR^[66]; (c) state detection of atmospheric sol particle^[39]