Quantum dots have attracted much attention in recent years because of their excellent photoelectric properties. However, the large-scale application of quantum dots has yet to be developed due to its processing technology and stability. The emergence of quantum dot-polymer nanocomposites effectively makes up for this problem. It is an effective method to solve the current application problems of quantum dots by disperses quantum dots into organic polymers to form nanocomposites and integrates the respective advantages of quantum dots and polymers. It has significant development potential. The main preparation technology of quantum dots was introduced, on this basis, the preparation methods of QD-polymer composites and their applications in lasers, light emitting diodes, photodetectors, QD-TVs and other optoelectronic devices were summarized, and finally its application in the field of optoelectronic device was prospected.